Artertial situation with HDO

Visible assessment of arterial elasticity/compliance

Pre-systolic waves represent arterial situation:

• low amplitudes: good elasticity
• high amplitudes: impaired elasticity
  - arterial vasoconctriction
  - arterial remodelling
  - arterial calcification
  - etc.

Visible analysis of rhythm, dysrhythmia

Distance from one amplitude to the next should be equal.

• Differences in distance: dysrhythmia
• respiratory sinus arrhythmia (usually CO not affected, continous increase and decrease of amplitude height)
• extra beats (CO affected: also different height)
• AV-block/sinus arrest/ etc. (CO affected: also different height)